Requirements by topic
| Topic | Requirement | Effective | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food packagingUse limit | 35 food contact notifications for PFAS used as grease-proofers on paper and paperboard food packaging are no longer effective, so those substances can no longer be lawfully marketed for those uses under the notifications.Follows FDA's February 28, 2024 announcement that PFAS grease-proofing agents are no longer being sold into the US market. No further FDA PFAS food contact revocation was found in the Federal Register for 2025 or 2026. | January 6, 2025 | In force | 90 FR 653 |
| CookwarePurchasing | DoD may not procure nonstick cookware or cooking utensils for use in galleys or dining facilities that contain PFOS or PFOA.DFARS implementation (DFARS Case 2023-D002) had not been proposed as of 2026-09-28; the Unified Agenda projected a proposed rule in July 2026. | April 1, 2023 | In force | Pub. L. 116-283, sec. 333(a), (b)(1) |
| CosmeticsOther duty | FDA had to assess PFAS use in cosmetics and publish a report within three years of enactment. FDA released it on December 29, 2025: 51 PFAS were used in 1,744 cosmetic formulations; of the 25 most used, five appeared to present low safety concern, one was identified as a potential safety concern, and the safety of most could not be established because toxicological data are incomplete or unavailable.The report imposes no restriction or labeling requirement. FDA said it will monitor emerging data and act if safety concerns emerge. | December 29, 2025 | Applies | Pub. L. 117-328, sec. 3506(b) |
| Carpets and rugsPurchasing | DoD may not procure carpets and rugs treated with stain-resistant coatings that contain PFOS or PFOA. | April 1, 2023 | In force | Pub. L. 116-283, sec. 333(a), (b)(2) |
| Upholstered furniturePurchasing | DoD may not procure upholstered furniture treated with stain-resistant coatings that contains PFOS or PFOA. | April 1, 2023 | In force | Pub. L. 116-283, sec. 333(a), (b)(2) |
| Firefighting foamUse limit | Fluorinated AFFF may not be used at any military installation that had transitioned to a fluorine-free agent meeting the military specification as of December 18, 2025. | December 18, 2025 | In force | Pub. L. 116-92, sec. 322(c)(1) |
| Firefighting foamPurchasing | DoD funds may not be obligated or expended after October 1, 2026 to procure firefighting foam that contains detectable PFAS.Before the FY2026 NDAA, the limit was foam containing more than one part per billion of PFAS after October 1, 2023, implemented in the DFARS. | October 1, 2026 | In force | Pub. L. 116-92, sec. 322(b) |
| Firefighting foamUse limit | Fluorinated AFFF may not be used at any other military installation on or after the earlier of October 1, 2026 or the date the Secretary determines compliance is possible.The original deadline was October 1, 2024. DoD reportedly used two one-year waivers to reach October 1, 2026 (secondary sources); the FY2026 NDAA then set October 1, 2026 in statute and kept waiver authority. A search of the Federal Register and DoD's PFAS pages on November 10, 2026 found no new waiver or extension. | October 1, 2026 | In force | Pub. L. 116-92, sec. 322(c)(2) |
| Firefighting foamOther duty | Within three years of enactment the FAA had to stop requiring fluorinated chemicals to meet airport firefighting foam performance standards. Part 139 airports may use foam meeting MIL-PRF-24385 (AFFF) or MIL-PRF-32725 (fluorine-free); the FAA has set no deadline requiring airports to switch.FAA CertAlert 26-03 (August 5, 2026) describes the statutory deadline as October 4, 2021. CertAlert 23-01 (January 12, 2023) said Part 139 airports would not be required by the FAA to transition to fluorine-free foam. | Not confirmed | Applies | Pub. L. 115-254, sec. 332(a) |
| Firefighter gearPurchasing | Beginning October 1, 2026, DoD may not contract to procure or purchase covered personal protective firefighting equipment for federal or civilian firefighters unless it meets the most recently published NFPA 1970 standard, including by not containing any substance on that standard's restricted substances list above the maximum acceptable level.As enacted in 2022 the test was any intentionally added PFAS; the FY2026 NDAA replaced it with the NFPA 1970 test. The deadline extends if the Secretary determines that sufficiently protective compliant equipment is unavailable. DFARS Case 2023-D002 would implement it; no proposed rule had been published as of November 10, 2026. | October 1, 2026 | In force | Pub. L. 117-263, sec. 345(a) |
| ReportingReporting | Anyone who manufactured (including imported) PFAS, including PFAS in imported articles, in any year from 2011 through 2022 must make a one-time electronic report to EPA of known or reasonably ascertainable information on uses, production volumes, byproducts, disposal, exposures and existing health and environmental effects data.The rule has been in effect since November 13, 2023, but no submission window is open. Under the April 13, 2026 final rule the six-month submission period begins January 31, 2027 or 60 days after the date EPA sets in 40 CFR 705.20(c) through the forthcoming final revisions rule, whichever is earlier. January 31, 2027 is the latest possible start, and EPA said it expects to replace it. The earlier window of April 13 to October 13, 2026 no longer applies. | January 31, 2027 | Starts | 40 CFR 705.20(a) |
| ReportingReporting | Small manufacturers (as defined in 40 CFR 704.3) whose only reporting obligation comes from importing PFAS-containing articles get a twelve-month submission period that starts on the same date as the general period.EPA proposed on November 13, 2025 to exempt imported articles entirely; that exemption is not final. | January 31, 2027 | Starts | 40 CFR 705.20(b) |
| Drinking waterLimit | Covered public water systems must meet maximum contaminant levels of 4.0 parts per trillion each for PFOA and PFOS by April 26, 2029 (MCL goals are zero).EPA proposed on May 20, 2026 a two-year exemption by rule: systems that request it in writing within 180 days of the final rule and certify they cannot comply by April 26, 2029 would have until April 26, 2031. Not final as of 2026-09-28. | April 26, 2029 | Scheduled | 40 CFR part 141 |
| Drinking waterLimit | Covered systems must also meet MCLs of 10 parts per trillion each for PFHxS, PFNA and HFPO-DA (GenX) and a hazard index of 1 for mixtures of two or more of PFHxS, PFNA, HFPO-DA and PFBS.EPA proposed on May 20, 2026 to rescind these regulatory determinations, MCLGs and MCLs. They remain legally in effect while the proposal and the D.C. Circuit challenge (AWWA v. EPA, No. 24-1188) are pending. | April 26, 2029 | Scheduled | 40 CFR part 141 |
| Drinking waterReporting | Public water systems covered by the rule must complete initial PFAS monitoring by April 26, 2027.EPA's May 20, 2026 rescission proposal would remove monitoring tied to PFHxS, PFNA, HFPO-DA and the hazard index mixture. | April 26, 2027 | Starts | 40 CFR part 141 |
| Cleanup (CERCLA)Other duty | PFOA, PFOS and their salts and structural isomers are CERCLA hazardous substances, so releases are subject to CERCLA release reporting, response authority and cleanup liability.EPA announced on September 17, 2025 that it is retaining the designation. The D.C. Circuit denied all petitions for review on August 18, 2026 (Chamber of Commerce v. EPA, No. 24-1193). | July 8, 2024 | Applies | 40 CFR part 302 |
| Release reporting (TRI)Reporting | Facilities that meet TRI criteria and manufacture, process or otherwise use more than 100 pounds of a listed PFAS must report releases and waste management; because PFAS are chemicals of special concern, the de minimis exemption and Form A are unavailable and range reporting is limited.Applies from reporting year 2024 (reports due July 1, 2025). 205 PFAS were reportable for reporting year 2025. | January 1, 2024 | Applies | 40 CFR part 372 |
| Release reporting (TRI)Reporting | Suppliers of mixtures and trade name products must notify customers of TRI-listed PFAS with no de minimis cutoff, because the de minimis exemption was removed for supplier notifications for all chemicals of special concern.A January 17, 2025 proposal would confirm that notifications for PFAS added automatically under the NDAA are required from January 1 of the year of addition; not final. | January 1, 2024 | Applies | 40 CFR part 372, subpart C |
| Release reporting (TRI)Reporting | Sodium perfluorohexanesulfonate (CASRN 82382-12-5) is added to the TRI list for reporting year 2026, with reports due by July 1, 2027.Added automatically under the NDAA after EPA's final IRIS toxicity assessment for PFHxS; conforming rule published February 27, 2026 and effective March 30, 2026. | January 1, 2026 | Applies | 40 CFR part 372 |
| New uses (TSCA)Use limit | Anyone intending to manufacture (including import) or process any of the 329 inactive PFAS for any use must notify EPA at least 90 days in advance, and may not start until EPA reviews the notice and makes a determination. | March 11, 2024 | In force | 40 CFR 721.11777(b)(2) |
| New uses (TSCA)Other duty | New PFAS are categorically ineligible for the TSCA low volume exemption (LVE) and low release and exposure exemption (LoREX), so a new PFAS must go through full premanufacture notice review before manufacture or import.The rule also requires EPA approval of LVE and LoREX notices before manufacture begins and excludes certain PBT chemicals. | January 17, 2025 | Applies | 40 CFR part 723 |
| Federal purchasingPurchasing | DoD may not procure fluorinated AFFF containing more than one part per billion of PFAS after October 1, 2023, unless an exemption applies; the requirement flows into DoD contracts.An interim rule took effect October 1, 2023. No DFARS conforming change for the FY2026 NDAA's detectable-PFAS standard had been published as of 2026-09-28. | March 26, 2024 | In force | 48 CFR part 223 and 252 |
The instruments
TSCA section 8(a)(7) PFAS reporting and recordkeeping rule
- Citation
- 40 CFR part 705; 88 FR 70516 (October 11, 2023), amended 89 FR 72336, 90 FR 20236, 91 FR 18786
- Enacted by
- Docket EPA-HQ-OPPT-2020-0549; TSCA section 8(a)(7), 15 U.S.C. 2607(a)(7), added by the FY2020 NDAA
- Enacted or adopted
- October 11, 2023
- Last amended
- April 13, 2026
- Status
- In force, under reconsideration
- Source
- https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2026-07062
How it defines PFAS
any chemical substance or mixture containing a chemical substance that structurally contains at least one of the following three sub-structures: (1) R-(CF2)-CF(R')R'', where both the CF2 and CF moieties are saturated carbons. (2) R-CF2OCF2-R', where R and R' can either be F, O, or saturated carbons. (3) CF3C(CF3)R'R'', where R' and R'' can either be F or saturated carbons.
Exemptions
- The 2023 rule as in force has no exemption for imported articles, de minimis concentrations, byproducts, impurities, R&D substances or non-isolated intermediates.
- Proposed on November 13, 2025 and not final as of 2026-09-28: exemptions for PFAS below a 0.1% de minimis concentration in mixtures and articles, PFAS in imported articles, byproducts not used for a commercial purpose, impurities, PFAS manufactured in small quantities solely for R&D, and non-isolated intermediates. The proposal would also shorten the submission period to three months starting 60 days after the final rule takes effect.
Penalties. Failure to report required section 8 information is a prohibited act under TSCA section 15, subject to civil and criminal penalties under TSCA section 16.
Significant new use rule for 329 PFAS designated inactive on the TSCA Inventory
- Citation
- 40 CFR 721.11777; 89 FR 1822 (January 11, 2024)
- Enacted by
- Docket EPA-HQ-OPPT-2022-0867; TSCA section 5(a)(2)
- Enacted or adopted
- January 11, 2024
- Status
- In force
- Source
- https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2024-00412
How it defines PFAS
The 329 chemical substances identified in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section, designated as inactive on the TSCA Chemical Substance Inventory as of January 26, 2023 (substances with the same three TSCA PFAS sub-structures used in 40 CFR part 705).
Exemptions
- Quantities manufactured or processed as non-isolated intermediates.
- Quantities manufactured or processed as byproducts not used for commercial purposes.
- Substances already subject to 40 CFR 721.9582 or 721.10536 (the 2020 long-chain PFAS SNUR).
TSCA new chemicals rule making PFAS ineligible for low volume and LoREX exemptions
- Citation
- 40 CFR parts 720, 721, 723 and 725; 89 FR 102773 (December 18, 2024)
- Enacted by
- Docket EPA-HQ-OPPT-2022-0902; TSCA section 5
- Enacted or adopted
- December 18, 2024
- Status
- In force
- Source
- https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2024-28870
PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation
- Citation
- 40 CFR parts 141 and 142; 89 FR 32532 (April 26, 2024)
- Enacted by
- Docket EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0114; Safe Drinking Water Act section 1412
- Enacted or adopted
- April 26, 2024
- Status
- In force, under reconsideration
- Source
- https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2024-07773
CERCLA hazardous substance designation of PFOA and PFOS
- Citation
- 40 CFR part 302; 89 FR 39124 (May 8, 2024)
- Enacted by
- Docket EPA-HQ-OLEM-2019-0341; CERCLA section 102(a)
- Enacted or adopted
- May 8, 2024
- Status
- In force
- Source
- https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2024-08547
How it defines PFAS
perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), including their salts and structural isomers
Toxics Release Inventory reporting of PFAS
- Citation
- EPCRA section 313; FY2020 NDAA section 7321 (Pub. L. 116-92); 40 CFR part 372; 88 FR 74360 (October 31, 2023)
- Enacted by
- Dockets EPA-HQ-TRI-2022-0270 and EPA-HQ-OPPT-2024-0044
- Enacted or adopted
- December 20, 2019
- Last amended
- February 27, 2026
- Status
- In force
- Source
- https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/list-pfas-added-tri-ndaa
FDA determination that food contact notifications for PFAS grease-proofing agents are no longer effective
- Citation
- 90 FR 653 (January 6, 2025); Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act section 409(h)
- Enacted by
- Docket FDA-2021-N-0403
- Enacted or adopted
- January 6, 2025
- Status
- In force
- Source
- https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2024-31692
MoCRA assessment and report on PFAS in cosmetics
- Citation
- Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act of 2022, section 3506 (Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, Pub. L. 117-328)
- Enacted by
- H.R. 2617 (117th Congress), section 3506
- Enacted or adopted
- December 29, 2022
- Status
- In force
- Source
- https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-finds-insufficient-data-determine-safety-pfas-cosmetic-products
DoD phase-out of fluorinated aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)
- Citation
- Pub. L. 116-92, section 322 (10 U.S.C. 2661 note prec.), as amended by Pub. L. 119-60, section 315
- Enacted by
- S. 1790 (116th Congress) section 322; S. 1071 (119th Congress) section 315
- Enacted or adopted
- December 20, 2019
- Last amended
- December 18, 2025
- Status
- In force
- Source
- https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-119publ60/html/PLAW-119publ60.htm
How it defines PFAS
'perfluoroalkyl substances' means aliphatic substances for which all of the H atoms attached to C atoms in the nonfluorinated substance from which they are notionally derived have been replaced by F atoms, except those H atoms whose substitution would modify the nature of any functional groups present; 'polyfluoroalkyl substances' means aliphatic substances for which all H atoms attached to at least one (but not all) C atoms have been replaced by F atoms, in such a manner that they contain the perfluoroalkyl moiety CnF2n+1
Exemptions
- Foam used onboard oceangoing vessels, including pier-side inspection, testing and maintenance.
- Foam needed for military specification qualification testing and inventory quality assurance.
- Research, development, test and evaluation of fluorine-free agents.
- Naval nuclear submarine propulsion plants.
- Tactical vehicles or equipment incompatible with fluorine-free agents.
- Waivers of up to one year, extendable once for up to one year, after a congressional briefing, certification and public notice; approval may not be delegated below the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment.
DFARS rule on replacement of fluorinated AFFF (DFARS Case 2020-D011)
- Citation
- 48 CFR parts 212, 213, 223 and 252; 89 FR 20869 (March 26, 2024)
- Enacted by
- Docket DARS-2023-0028
- Enacted or adopted
- March 26, 2024
- Status
- In force
- Source
- https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2024-06003
DoD procurement restriction on items containing PFOS or PFOA
- Citation
- Pub. L. 116-283, section 333 (10 U.S.C. 3062 note)
- Enacted by
- H.R. 6395 (116th Congress) section 333
- Enacted or adopted
- January 1, 2021
- Status
- In force
- Source
- https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-116publ283/html/PLAW-116publ283.htm
DoD procurement restriction on firefighter protective equipment containing PFAS
- Citation
- Pub. L. 117-263, section 345 (10 U.S.C. note prec. 3201), as amended by Pub. L. 119-60, section 316
- Enacted by
- H.R. 7776 (117th Congress) section 345; S. 1071 (119th Congress) section 316
- Enacted or adopted
- December 23, 2022
- Last amended
- December 18, 2025
- Status
- In force
- Source
- https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-119publ60/html/PLAW-119publ60.htm
How it defines PFAS
'perfluoroalkyl substance' means a man-made chemical of which all of the carbon atoms are fully fluorinated carbon atoms; 'polyfluoroalkyl substance' means a man-made chemical containing at least one fully fluorinated carbon atom and at least one non-fully fluorinated carbon atom
Exemptions
- Existing inventories of covered equipment are not affected.
- DoD has no obligation to test equipment to confirm compliance.
- The deadline is extended while the Secretary determines no sufficiently protective compliant equipment is available.
FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 airport firefighting foam provision
- Citation
- Pub. L. 115-254, section 332(a) (49 U.S.C. 44706 note)
- Enacted by
- H.R. 302 (115th Congress) section 332
- Enacted or adopted
- October 5, 2018
- Status
- In force
- Source
- https://www.faa.gov/airports/airport_safety/certalerts/part_139_certalert_26_03
Pending rules and decisions
- RIN 2070-AL29; Docket EPA-HQ-OPPT-2020-0549: TSCA PFAS reporting rule revisions (exemptions and submission period)
Proposed rule; comments closed December 29, 2025; no final rule published and none under OIRA review as of November 10, 2026 (November 13, 2025)
Would exempt imported articles, PFAS below 0.1%, byproducts not used commercially, impurities, R&D substances and non-isolated intermediates, and set a three-month submission period starting 60 days after the final rule takes effect. The Unified Agenda projected a final rule in July 2026. Source - RIN 2040-AG53; Docket EPA-HQ-OW-2025-0654: Rescission of drinking water regulatory determinations and MCLs for PFHxS, PFNA, HFPO-DA and the hazard index mixture
Proposed rule; comments closed July 20, 2026 (May 20, 2026)
Would remove the four PFAS provisions of the 2024 NPDWR on the ground that EPA could not lawfully make regulatory determinations and regulations simultaneously. The Unified Agenda projected a final rule in September 2026. Source - RIN 2040-AG49; Docket EPA-HQ-OW-2025-1742: Extending the compliance deadline for the PFOA and PFOS MCLs
Proposed rule; comments closed July 20, 2026 (May 20, 2026)
Would create a two-year exemption by rule under SDWA sections 1416(f) and 1450(a)(1) moving the PFOA and PFOS compliance date from April 26, 2029 to April 26, 2031 for systems that request it within 180 days of the final rule. Source - D.C. Cir. No. 24-1188: American Water Works Association v. EPA (challenge to the 2024 PFAS drinking water rule)
Argued September 18, 2026 before Judges Millett, Pillard and Katsas; no decision as of November 10, 2026. (September 18, 2026)
Water utility groups challenge the April 2024 rule; EPA asked the court to vacate the PFHxS, PFNA, HFPO-DA and hazard index provisions, and the court declined to act summarily. Source - RIN 2070-AL03; Docket EPA-HQ-OPPT-2023-0538: Addition of 16 PFAS and 15 PFAS categories to the TRI
Proposed rule; not final as of November 10, 2026 (October 8, 2024)
Would add 16 individual PFAS and 15 PFAS categories as chemicals of special concern. The Unified Agenda projected a final rule in July 2026. Source - RIN 2070-AL24; Docket EPA-HQ-OPPT-2024-0507: TRI clarification of toxic chemicals due to automatic PFAS additions
Proposed rule; not final as of November 10, 2026 (January 17, 2025)
Would confirm that supplier notification for PFAS added automatically under the NDAA applies from January 1 of the year of addition. Source - RIN 2040-AG10: Effluent limitations guidelines for PFAS manufacturers (OCPSF category, 40 CFR part 414)
Not yet proposed; ANPRM March 17, 2021; Unified Agenda projected a proposed rule in July 2026, but none was published as of November 10, 2026 (March 17, 2021)
Would revise the OCPSF effluent guidelines to limit PFAS discharges from facilities that manufacture PFAS. Source - RIN 2040-AG24: Metal finishing effluent guidelines revisions for PFAS in chromium electroplating wastewater
Not yet proposed; Unified Agenda projected a proposed rule in February 2027
Would address PFAS discharges from chromium electroplating under the metal finishing effluent guidelines. Source - Dockets EPA-HQ-OW-2024-0504 and EPA-HQ-OW-2026-2509: Sewage sludge (biosolids) risk assessment and draft guidance for PFOA and PFOS
Draft risk assessment (January 15, 2025; comments closed August 14, 2025) not finalized; draft non-binding risk reduction guidance issued July 6, 2026, comments closed September 4, 2026 (July 6, 2026)
The draft risk assessment will inform possible Clean Water Act regulation of PFOA and PFOS in land-applied, surface-disposed or incinerated sewage sludge; the draft guidance offers voluntary recommendations. Source - Docket EPA-HQ-OPPT-2024-0131: TSCA section 6 proceeding on PFOA, PFNA and PFDA formed during fluorination of plastic containers
Petition granted July 10, 2024; request for comment September 30, 2024; no proposed rule as of 2026-09-28 (September 30, 2024)
EPA began a section 6 proceeding after the Fifth Circuit vacated its section 5 orders against Inhance Technologies on March 21, 2024. Source - RIN 0750-AL75 (DFARS Case 2023-D002): Restriction on DoD procurement of certain items containing PFAS
Not yet proposed as of November 10, 2026; the Unified Agenda had projected a proposed rule in July 2026.
Would implement FY2023 NDAA section 345 (firefighter protective equipment, from October 1, 2026) and FY2021 NDAA section 333 (PFOS or PFOA in cookware, upholstered furniture, carpets and rugs) in the DFARS. Source - RIN 2050-AH26; Docket EPA-HQ-OLEM-2023-0278: Listing of nine PFAS as RCRA hazardous constituents
Proposed rule; Unified Agenda projected a final rule in January 2027 (February 8, 2024)
Would add nine PFAS, their salts and structural isomers to 40 CFR part 261 appendix VIII for RCRA corrective action. Source - Dockets EPA-HQ-OPP-2024-0041 and EPA-HQ-OPP-2024-0278: Removal of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) from approved pesticide inert ingredients
Proposed in 2024; no final action found in the Federal Register as of 2026-09-28 (July 16, 2024)
EPA proposed removing PTFE from the list of approved inert ingredients (February 28, 2024) and revoking its tolerance exemption as an inert (July 16, 2024). Source
Bills in Congress
PFAS bills pending in the 119th Congress on products and chemicals and on water, cleanup and liability. Only the House defense bill, H.R. 8800, has passed a chamber, and its PFAS sections cover cleanup and reporting. Bills not enacted by January 3, 2027 die when the Congress ends.
Products and chemicals
- H.R. 9593 and S. 5516 (119th Congress): Keep Food Containers Safe from PFAS Act of 2026
House bill introduced by Rep. Debbie Dingell (D-MI) on July 6, 2026 and referred to the Energy and Commerce Committee; Senate version introduced by Sen. Maggie Hassan (D-NH) and referred to the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee (September 24, 2026)
Would make it a prohibited act under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to put food packaging with intentionally added PFAS into interstate commerce, from January 1, 2027 under the House bill and January 1, 2028 under the Senate bill. The House bill covers chemicals with at least one fully fluorinated methyl or methylene carbon atom; the Senate bill covers those with at least one fully fluorinated carbon atom. Source - S. 5525 (119th Congress): Banning Toxics from Plastic Bottles Act of 2026
Introduced by Sen. Peter Welch (D-VT) and referred to the Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee (September 24, 2026)
Would bar retailers, two years after enactment, from selling or distributing single-use beverage containers of 3 liters or less that contain a toxic substance, which the bill defines to include PFAS, that are made wholly or partly of PETG, that contain polyethylene glycol, or that are opaque or colored other than transparent blue or green. Fines would be up to $50,000 per violation, with each product line counted as a separate violation. Source - H.R. 10492 and S. 5433 (119th Congress): Wildland Firefighter Health and Safety Act
Introduced by Rep. Maxine Dexter (D-OR) and Sen. Alex Padilla (D-CA); referred to the House Natural Resources, Agriculture and Education and Workforce Committees and the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee (September 17, 2026)
Would require OSHA to issue an interim health standard for wildland firefighters and later a final standard that includes ways to reduce exposure to PFAS in firefighter gear, and would have a federal task force consider moving to protective equipment without PFAS. It sets no deadline for PFAS-free gear. Source - H.R. 10462 and S. 5410 (119th Congress): Firefighter PFAS Injury Compensation Act of 2026
Introduced by Rep. Darren Soto (D-FL) and Sen. Cory Booker (D-NJ); referred to the House Ways and Means, Energy and Commerce and Budget Committees and the Senate Finance Committee (September 16, 2026)
Would impose a 10 percent excise tax on manufacturers', producers' and importers' sales of any product containing PFAS, including firefighter gear, and a 10 percent tax on PFAS damages payments other than personal injury awards. The money would fund no-fault compensation for firefighters with at least two years of service who develop listed PFAS-related cancers and other conditions. Source - H.R. 10048 and S. 5302 (119th Congress): Truth in Labeling Act of 2026
Introduced by Rep. J. Luis Correa (D-CA) and Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-OR); referred to the House Energy and Commerce and Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committees (August 6, 2026)
Would set national rules for labeling packaging, food service products and beverage containers as recyclable, compostable, reusable or refillable, and allow a compostable label only on items that, among other tests, have no intentionally added PFAS. EPA and the FTC would set standard labels within two years, and selling noncompliant items two years after that would be a deceptive practice. Source - H.R. 9788 (119th Congress): FORMULA Act of 2026
Introduced by Rep. Brian Mast (R-FL) and referred to the House Energy and Commerce Committee (July 20, 2026)
Would require HHS to set maximum levels in infant formula for contaminants, defined to include PFAS along with heavy metals, phthalates, microplastics, synthetic pesticides and biological toxins, with formula above those levels treated as adulterated. The rules would be due 180 days after enactment and apply to formula made 180 days after they are issued, with testing and recordkeeping by manufacturers. Source - H.R. 9594 (119th Congress): No PFAS in Cosmetics Act
Introduced by Rep. Debbie Dingell (D-MI) and referred to the House Energy and Commerce Committee (July 6, 2026)
Would treat any cosmetic with intentionally added PFAS as adulterated under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act from January 1, 2027, which bars it from interstate commerce, and would repeal the MoCRA section that directed FDA's report on PFAS in cosmetics. The sponsors' releases describe a 270-day deadline; the introduced text says January 1, 2027. Source - H.R. 3184 and S. 4844 (119th Congress): PFAS Alternatives Act
House bill introduced by Rep. Debbie Dingell (D-MI) on May 5, 2025 and referred to the Science, Space, and Technology and Transportation and Infrastructure Committees; Senate version introduced by Sen. Martin Heinrich (D-NM) and referred to the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee (June 18, 2026)
Would have NIOSH award grants for research, development and testing of PFAS-free turnout gear for firefighters, with $25 million a year authorized for fiscal 2025 to 2029 in the House bill and 2027 to 2031 in the Senate bill, plus $2 million a year for guidance and training on safely wearing, cleaning and caring for the new gear, starting in fiscal 2027 under the House bill and 2028 under the Senate bill. It sets no limit on PFAS in gear. Source - H.R. 8016 and S. 4153 (119th Congress): Forever Chemical Regulation and Accountability Act of 2026
Introduced by Sen. Richard Durbin (D-IL) and Rep. Betty McCollum (D-MN) on March 19, 2026. The Senate bill is in the Environment and Public Works Committee; the House bill went to five committees, the last step a referral to the Water Resources and Environment Subcommittee (March 20, 2026)
Would ban interstate sales of products containing PFAS in stages: carpets and rugs, fabric treatments, food packaging and containers, juvenile products and oil and gas products one year after enactment; cosmetics, indoor textile furnishings, indoor upholstered furniture, accessories, handbags and most apparel after two years; outdoor textile furnishings and outdoor upholstered furniture after four; and outdoor apparel for severe wet conditions with intentionally used PFAS after five. It would also require yearly reports to EPA on PFAS uses and releases, direct federal agencies to stop buying products known to contain PFAS where practicable, end nonessential PFAS uses and all PFAS releases above detection limits after ten years, extend the time to bring state injury and property claims over hazardous substances, and keep bankruptcy filings from pausing PFAS claims against companies not in bankruptcy. Source - H.R. 3110 (119th Congress): PFAS-Free Procurement Act of 2025
Introduced by Rep. Michael Lawler (R-NY) and referred to the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee (April 30, 2025)
Would bar federal executive agencies from entering into or renewing contracts for nonstick cookware and cooking utensils, or for furniture, carpets and rugs treated with stain-resistant coatings, that contain PFOS or PFOA, and would have them favor PFAS-free versions where available and practicable. Both requirements would take effect six months after enactment and apply to contracts entered into from then on. Source - H.R. 960 (119th Congress): Protect Our Clothes from PFAS Act
Introduced by Rep. Chellie Pingree (D-ME) and referred to the House Ways and Means Committee (February 4, 2025)
Would strike the sentence in Additional U.S. Note 2 to chapter 62 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule that requires a garment's water resistance to come from a rubber or plastics application to the outer shell, lining or inner lining, so garments that pass the water resistance test by other means could be classed as water resistant. The sponsors say this would end a higher duty on PFAS-free water resistant clothing. Source
Water, cleanup and liability
- H.R. 10869 (119th Congress): Protect Clean Water Act
Introduced by Rep. Laura Gillen (D-NY) and referred to the House Transportation and Infrastructure and Energy and Commerce Committees (October 22, 2026)
Would renew the expired Safe Drinking Water Act authorization for emerging contaminant grants at $1 billion a year for fiscal 2027 through 2031, and create a Clean Water Act program, run through the state revolving funds, for emerging contaminant projects focused on PFAS at $1 billion a year for the same years, with at least 25 percent for small or disadvantaged communities. Source - H.R. 8800 and S. 4784 (119th Congress): National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027
The Senate Armed Services Committee's bill, S. 4784, stalled when cloture on the motion to proceed failed on July 14, 2026. The House passed H.R. 8800, 216-212, on July 22, and the Senate received it (September 14, 2026)
The annual defense bill. Its PFAS sections cover cleanup and reporting: a House-required report on PFAS destruction technology for water, due June 1, 2027, and Senate provisions for a GAO study of DoD's PFAS cleanup and contracting, a requirement to start interim cleanup at no fewer than 50 installations within two years unless too few qualify, and notice of PFAS dashboard updates. Neither version changes DoD's rules on PFAS in firefighting foam or firefighter gear or on buying items with PFAS. Source - S. 4949 (119th Congress): Water Resources Development Act of 2026
Introduced by Sen. Shelley Moore Capito (R-WV) on July 13, 2026 and referred to the Environment and Public Works Committee, which reported it with a substitute amendment; placed on the Senate calendar as Calendar No. 457 (July 15, 2026)
A broad water resources bill. Its Division B would reauthorize EPA drinking water and wastewater programs through fiscal 2030, let both state revolving funds pay for projects on emerging contaminants including PFAS, point small and disadvantaged community drinking water grants at emerging contaminants with a focus on PFAS, and fund a pilot of grants for point-of-use filters where a public water system exceeds a maximum contaminant level for lead, PFAS or another contaminant. Source - H.R. 8632 (119th Congress): PFAS Cleanup Act
Introduced by Rep. Linda Sánchez (D-CA) and referred to the House Ways and Means Committee (April 30, 2026)
Would tax PFAS, defined as any man-made chemical with at least one fully fluorinated carbon atom, at 45 percent of the price when sold by their manufacturers, producers or importers (or of fair market value when they use the chemicals themselves), and give owners or operators of public water systems a 25 percent tax credit for removing PFAS found above an EPA maximum contaminant level. Both would start with taxable years beginning after December 31, 2026; governments, tribes and tax-exempt owners could take the credit as a direct payment. Source - H.R. 6668 and S. 3457 (119th Congress): Clean Water Standards for PFAS Act of 2025
Introduced by Rep. Chris Pappas (D-NH) and Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY) on December 11, 2025; the Senate bill is in the Environment and Public Works Committee, and the House bill was referred to the Water Resources and Environment Subcommittee (February 2, 2026)
Would require EPA to set Clean Water Act effluent limits and pretreatment standards for measurable PFAS from eight industrial categories, including chemical and plastics plants, metal finishers, textile mills and landfills, on deadlines from September 30, 2026 to September 30, 2028, and to publish human health water quality criteria for PFAS within three years. It would also require PFAS discharge monitoring and authorize $200 million a year for fiscal 2026 through 2030 in pretreatment grants to sewage treatment plants. Source - H.R. 6476 and S. 3353 (119th Congress): Relief for Farmers Hit with PFAS Act
Introduced by Rep. Chellie Pingree (D-ME) and Sen. Susan Collins (R-ME) on December 4, 2025; the Senate bill is in the Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Committee, and the House bill was referred to the Agriculture Committee's Subcommittee on Conservation, Research, and Biotechnology (January 13, 2026)
Would create a USDA grant program, with $500 million in total for fiscal 2026 through 2029 (through 2030 in the Senate bill), for states, the District of Columbia, territories and tribes to help farms with PFAS-contaminated land or water, covering purchases of land or products, lost income, changes in production, remediation, testing and health monitoring. It would also set up a USDA task force on adding PFAS response to existing farm programs. Source - H.R. 6626 and S. 3460 (119th Congress): PFAS Accountability Act of 2025
Introduced by Rep. Madeleine Dean (D-PA) and Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY); referred to the House Energy and Commerce and Judiciary Committees and the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee (December 11, 2025)
Would amend TSCA to let people significantly exposed to PFAS sue the companies whose manufacturing created those chemicals, individually or as a class, when the companies foresaw or should have foreseen human exposure, and let courts order the companies to pay for medical monitoring. Significant exposure would be presumed from test results finding PFAS or their metabolites in the body or blood serum, or from proof that a company's PFAS were released where the person would have been exposed for a cumulative year or more, which the company could rebut with independent testing. Source - H.R. 4961 (119th Congress): Public Utility Remediation and Enhancement for Water Act
Introduced by Rep. Hillary Scholten (D-MI) on August 12, 2025 and referred to the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, then to its Water Resources and Environment Subcommittee (August 13, 2025)
Would create an EPA Clean Water Act grant program, at $200 million a year for fiscal 2026 through 2028, paying at least 75 percent of the cost for public sewage treatment plants to plan, design and build treatment for PFAS and other emerging contaminants or to meet PFAS pretreatment standards and effluent limits. Source - H.R. 1938 and S. 2472 (119th Congress): Department of Defense PFAS Discharge Prevention Act
Introduced by Rep. Jennifer McClellan (D-VA) on March 6, 2025 and referred to the House Armed Services and Transportation and Infrastructure Committees and the Water Resources and Environment Subcommittee; a similar Senate bill from Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY) was referred to the Senate Armed Services Committee (July 28, 2025)
Would direct the Defense Department, within a year, to seek changes to the Clean Water Act stormwater permits for its facilities (or, under the House bill, their stormwater management plans) requiring PFAS discharge monitoring at least quarterly and best management practices or control technologies to reduce those discharges. At least 1 percent of its yearly PFAS remediation funds would go to testing stormwater runoff under the House bill, or to the monitoring and controls under the Senate bill. Source - H.R. 4168 (119th Congress): PFAS National Drinking Water Standard Act of 2025
Introduced by Rep. Brian Fitzpatrick (R-PA) and referred to the House Energy and Commerce Committee (June 26, 2025)
Would give EPA's April 2024 PFAS drinking water rule, as in effect on June 25, 2024, the force of law, keeping its limits for PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA and HFPO-DA (GenX), its hazard index for mixtures of PFHxS, PFNA, HFPO-DA and PFBS, and its original compliance dates. EPA proposed in May 2026 to rescind part of that rule and extend its deadlines. Source - H.R. 1267 (119th Congress): Water Systems PFAS Liability Protection Act
Introduced by Rep. Marie Gluesenkamp Perez (D-WA) and referred to the House Energy and Commerce and Transportation and Infrastructure Committees and, the same day, to the Water Resources and Environment Subcommittee (February 12, 2025)
Would bar CERCLA cost recovery and damages claims, including by federal, state and tribal governments, against public water systems, public and private wastewater treatment works, municipal stormwater permit holders, public wholesale water agencies and their contractors over PFAS listed as CERCLA hazardous substances that they handled lawfully in or after treating or conveying water, such as permitted discharges, biosolids management or disposal of treatment residuals. Gross negligence and willful misconduct are not covered. Source
Timeline
- January 12, 2023 Update
Military specification MIL-PRF-32725 for fluorine-free firefighting foam issued; FAA CertAlert 23-01 said airports may use qualified fluorine-free foam but are not required to switch. Source - January 26, 2023 Rule
EPA proposed a significant new use rule for inactive PFAS on the TSCA Inventory. Source - March 29, 2023 Rule
EPA proposed the PFAS national primary drinking water regulation. Source - April 1, 2023 Took effect
DoD ban on procuring PFOS- or PFOA-containing nonstick cookware, treated upholstered furniture, carpets and rugs took effect. Source - April 13, 2023 Rule
EPA issued an advance notice on possible CERCLA designation of other PFAS. Source - June 23, 2023 Rule
EPA added nine PFAS to the TRI for reporting year 2023. Source - September 29, 2023 Rule
DoD issued an interim DFARS rule barring procurement of AFFF with more than one part per billion PFAS, effective October 1, 2023. Source - October 11, 2023 Rule
EPA published the TSCA section 8(a)(7) PFAS reporting rule. Source - October 31, 2023 Rule
EPA made TRI PFAS chemicals of special concern and removed the de minimis exemption, including for supplier notifications. Source - November 13, 2023 Took effect
The TSCA PFAS reporting rule took effect. Source - January 11, 2024 Rule
EPA finalized the significant new use rule for 329 inactive PFAS, effective March 11, 2024. Source - February 8, 2024 Rule
EPA proposed listing nine PFAS as RCRA hazardous constituents. Source - February 28, 2024 Update
FDA announced that PFAS grease-proofing agents for food packaging are no longer sold in the US. Source - February 28, 2024 Rule
EPA proposed removing PTFE from the list of approved pesticide inert ingredients. Source - March 21, 2024 Court
The Fifth Circuit vacated EPA's TSCA section 5 orders barring Inhance Technologies from forming PFAS when fluorinating plastic containers. Source - March 26, 2024 Rule
DoD finalized the DFARS AFFF procurement rule. Source - April 26, 2024 Rule
EPA published the PFAS drinking water regulation, effective June 25, 2024. Source - May 8, 2024 Rule
EPA designated PFOA and PFOS as CERCLA hazardous substances, effective July 8, 2024. Source - May 17, 2024 Rule
EPA added seven PFAS to the TRI for reporting year 2024. Source - July 10, 2024 Update
EPA granted a TSCA section 21 petition seeking a section 6 rule on PFOA, PFNA and PFDA formed during container fluorination. Source - July 16, 2024 Rule
EPA proposed revoking the tolerance exemption for PTFE as a pesticide inert ingredient. Source - September 5, 2024 Delayed
EPA delayed the TSCA PFAS reporting start from November 12, 2024 to July 11, 2025. Source - September 30, 2024 Update
EPA requested comment on PFAS formed during fluorination of plastic containers to inform TSCA regulation. Source - October 8, 2024 Rule
EPA proposed adding 16 PFAS and 15 PFAS categories to the TRI. Source - December 18, 2024 Rule
EPA made PFAS ineligible for TSCA low volume and LoREX exemptions, effective January 17, 2025. Source - January 6, 2025 Update
FDA declared 35 food contact notifications for PFAS grease-proofing agents no longer effective. Source - January 6, 2025 Rule
EPA added nine PFAS to the TRI for reporting year 2025. Source - January 15, 2025 Update
EPA released a draft sewage sludge risk assessment for PFOA and PFOS for comment. Source - January 17, 2025 Rule
EPA proposed clarifying TRI supplier notification for PFAS added automatically under the NDAA. Source - May 13, 2025 Delayed
EPA reset the TSCA PFAS submission period to April 13 through October 13, 2026. Source - May 14, 2025 Update
EPA announced it would keep the PFOA and PFOS drinking water limits, seek a 2031 compliance date and rescind the other four PFAS limits. Source - September 17, 2025 Update
EPA announced it will retain the CERCLA hazardous substance designation for PFOA and PFOS. Source - November 13, 2025 Rule
EPA proposed exemptions and other revisions to the TSCA PFAS reporting rule. Source - December 18, 2025 Amended
The FY2026 NDAA reset DoD AFFF procurement and use deadlines to October 1, 2026 and changed the firefighter gear restriction to an NFPA 1970 test. Source - December 29, 2025 Reporting
FDA released its MoCRA report on PFAS in cosmetics. Source - January 20, 2026 Court
The D.C. Circuit heard argument on the CERCLA PFOA and PFOS designation. Source - February 27, 2026 Rule
EPA added sodium perfluorohexanesulfonate to the TRI for reporting year 2026. Source - April 13, 2026 Delayed
EPA moved the TSCA PFAS reporting start to January 31, 2027 or 60 days after the final revisions rule, whichever is earlier. Source - April 28, 2026 Update
EPA released interim PFAS destruction and disposal guidance for public comment. Source - May 20, 2026 Rule
EPA proposed rescinding the PFHxS, PFNA, HFPO-DA and hazard index drinking water limits. Source - May 20, 2026 Rule
EPA proposed letting water systems that request it have until April 26, 2031 to meet the PFOA and PFOS limits. Source - July 6, 2026 Update
EPA issued draft guidance on reducing PFOA and PFOS risk from biosolids for comment. Source - August 5, 2026 Update
FAA issued CertAlert 26-03 on AFFF and fluorine-free foam testing at Part 139 airports. Source - August 18, 2026 Court
The D.C. Circuit upheld the CERCLA hazardous substance designation of PFOA and PFOS. Source - October 1, 2026 Took effect
Defense Department limits set by the NDAA took effect: no purchases of firefighting foam with detectable PFAS, no fluorinated AFFF at remaining military installations, and no purchases of firefighter gear that fails the NFPA 1970 restricted substances list. Source